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          <trans-title>Education Management Review</trans-title>
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      <issn pub-type="epub">2311-2174</issn>
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      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2233</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25726/v5978-0887-6630-q</article-id>
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          <subject>&#x41C;&#x415;&#x416;&#x414;&#x423;&#x41D;&#x410;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x414;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x419; &#x41E;&#x41F;&#x42B;&#x422; &#x423;&#x41F;&#x420;&#x410;&#x412;&#x41B;&#x415;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x42F; &#x423;&#x427;&#x420;&#x415;&#x416;&#x414;&#x415;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x42F;&#x41C;&#x418; &#x41E;&#x411;&#x420;&#x410;&#x417;&#x41E;&#x412;&#x410;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x42F;</subject>
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        <article-title xml:lang="ru">&#x418;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x438;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x432; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x441;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x445; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x445; &#x441; &#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x437;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x441;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;</article-title>
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          <trans-title>A study on the patriotic education model in primary and secondary schools from an international comparative perspective</trans-title>
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              <surname>&#x41B;&#x443;</surname>
              <given-names>&#x42E;.</given-names>
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              <surname>Lu</surname>
              <given-names>Y.</given-names>
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          <email>1042248007@pfur.ru</email>
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          <institution content-type="orgname">&#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x439;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x443;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x442; &#x434;&#x440;&#x443;&#x436;&#x431;&#x44B; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;, 117198, &#x433;. &#x41C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x432;&#x430;, &#x443;&#x43B;. &#x41C;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x445;&#x43E;-&#x41C;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x44F;, &#x434;. 6</institution>
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          <institution content-type="orgname">People's Friendship University of Russia, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</institution>
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      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>15</volume>
      <issue>7-2</issue>
      <fpage>203</fpage>
      <lpage>210</lpage>
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        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">&#xA9; 2025 &#x423;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C;: &#x442;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;</copyright-statement>
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        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
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      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>&#x42D;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x444;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x441;&#x438;&#x440;&#x443;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x432; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x441;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x445; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x445; &#x41A;&#x438;&#x442;&#x430;&#x44F;, &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x438;, &#x421;&#x428;&#x410; &#x438; &#x421;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x443;&#x440;&#x430;. &#x41E;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x443;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x431;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430; &#x43B;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x44B;, &#x441;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438; &#x438;&#x437;&#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x435;&#x432; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x437;&#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x438;&#x439; &#x432; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x445;, &#x441;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x440;&#x436;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x438; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x432; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x445;. &#x412;&#x44B;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432; &#x440;&#x435;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x437;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43A;&#x443;&#x440;&#x441;&#x44B; &#x438;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x44B; &#x438;&#x437; &#x447;&#x435;&#x442;&#x44B;&#x440;&#x435;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x443;&#x433;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;, &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x443;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43E;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x41A;&#x438;&#x442;&#x430;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x438;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x438; &#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x438; &#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x438;&#x435;, &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x433;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43C; &#x438; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;, &#x421;&#x428;&#x410; &#x444;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x441;&#x438;&#x440;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x436;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x438; &#x438; &#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x434;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x439;, &#x430; &#x421;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x443;&#x440; &#x444;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x441;&#x438;&#x440;&#x443;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43C;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x438; &#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x438;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;. &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x443; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x44B;&#x442; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x438; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x434;&#x432;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x432; &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x439; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;.</p>
      </abstract>
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        <p>This study focuses on patriotic education in primary and secondary schools in China, Russia, the United States and Singapore. It uses a combination of literature analysis, comparative research and case study methods to systematically examine the similarities and differences in the goals, content and methods of patriotic education in various countries. By selecting representative courses or projects from the four countries for in-depth analysis, it is found that China emphasizes political identity and historical and cultural heritage, Russia emphasizes historical heroism and military patriotic education, the United States focuses on citizen participation and the cultivation of democratic values, and Singapore focuses on multicultural integration and national identity shaping. Therefore, this study summarizes the experiences of various countries and puts forward specific suggestions for optimizing patriotic education in my country.</p>
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        <kwd>patriotic education in primary and secondary schools</kwd>
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      <title>&#x421;&#x43F;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x43A; &#x43B;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x44B;</title>
      <ref id="R1">
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