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          <trans-title>Education Management Review</trans-title>
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      <issn pub-type="epub">2311-2174</issn>
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      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">224</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25726/h8240-0564-7801-o</article-id>
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        <article-title xml:lang="ru">&#x424;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x432; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x445;</article-title>
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          <trans-title>Formation of the principles of education in Islamic countries</trans-title>
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              <surname>Eskeif</surname>
              <given-names>Habib</given-names>
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      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>02</month>
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      <volume>11</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>167</fpage>
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        <p>&#x41E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x438; &#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x430;&#x436;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x410;&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x430; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x441; &#x443;&#x447;&#x451;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445;, &#x44D;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445;, &#x440;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445;, &#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445;, &#x433;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x444;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445;, &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445;, &#x441;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;-&#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x438; &#x434;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x439;. &#x41E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x435; &#x432;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x434;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x442;&#x435;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x439; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x43D;&#x443;&#x436;&#x434;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x432; &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438;. &#x422;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x43C;, &#x432; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x441;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442; &#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;, &#x432; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x433;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B;. &#x413;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x444;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x432; &#x421;&#x438;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; &#x438; &#x434;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;&#x438;&#x445; &#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x445;, &#x432; &#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x432; &#x410;&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x420;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x443;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x435; &#x415;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x442; &#x438; &#x41A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x432;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435; &#x421;&#x430;&#x443;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x410;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F;, &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;, &#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438; &#x438;&#x437; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x443;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;, &#x438;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x44B;&#x442; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x437;&#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x433;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x444;&#x438;&#x438; &#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x44B;, &#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x438;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x436;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x430;, &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x443; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x443;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x439;, &#x43D;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x432; &#x436;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x443;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x445;. &#x412;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435; &#x441; &#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x433;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x444;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x432; &#x421;&#x438;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x44A;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x442;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43A;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;, &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x448;&#x435; &#x447;&#x435;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x442;&#x438; &#x432;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x437;&#x430;&#x434;. &#x41E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x443;&#x442;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x438;&#x434;&#x430;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x438; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x434;&#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x435;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x439;, &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x449;&#x451;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x433;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x444;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x415;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43F;&#x442;&#x430; &#x438; &#x421;&#x430;&#x443;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x410;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x438;, &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x441;&#x432;&#x438;&#x434;&#x435;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x43E; &#x43D;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x438;&#x437;&#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B;.</p>
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        <p>Educational programs and textbooks of each country of the Arab world are developed taking into account national, ethnic, religious, historical, geographical, political, socio-economic and other features. However, due to the introduction of innovative technologies in education and the development of the Internet, educational systems in different countries need modernization. Thus, in the modern world, the formation of a global education system is taking place, into which national educational systems are integrated. Geographical education in Syria and other Arab countries, in particular in the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which were selected for comparative analysis as one of the leading countries in terms of education, has a positive experience of in-depth study of the geography of their native country, education of citizenship and patriotism, development of practical skills necessary in life situations for schoolchildren. At the same time, the problems of school geographical education in Syria were the subject of only one study, which was conducted more than a quarter of a century ago. The absence of candidate and doctoral dissertations devoted to the development of school geographical education in Egypt and Saudi Arabia also indicates insufficient knowledge of the problem.</p>
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